Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. It occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin (a hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar) or does not effectively utilize the insulin it produces. Insulin allows glucose (sugar) to enter the cells of the body, where it is used as a source of energy.
There are three main types of diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes: This type typically develops in childhood or early adulthood. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with type 1 diabetes require daily insulin injections to survive.
- Type 2 Diabetes: This is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for the majority of cases. It usually develops in adulthood, although it is increasingly being diagnosed in children and adolescents due to lifestyle factors. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or fails to produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and sometimes medication, are often used to manage type 2 diabetes.
- Gestational Diabetes: This type occurs during pregnancy and affects women who did not previously have diabetes. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can lead to insulin resistance, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after delivery, but it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life for both the mother and child.
When blood sugar levels are consistently high, it can lead to various complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Managing diabetes involves regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, taking prescribed medications or insulin, and making necessary lifestyle adjustments.
It's important for individuals with diabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals, such as diabetologists, to develop a personalized treatment plan and receive ongoing support for effectively managing their condition.